城市更新中的校园策略

云南玉溪生态实验小学

缘起-城市更新中的老校价值

Origin-the old school value in urban renewal

随着城市建设从增量向存量转变，城市管理从粗放向精细演化，“城市有机更新”“既有建筑改造”“土地复合使用”“反自然建造的修正”等话题成为讨论的热点。而城市快速发展的道路机动化与住宅高层化，让老校区与新城市之间的关系矛盾重重。玉溪生态实验小学即是在如此背景之下的设计案例。

With the transformation of urban construction from incremental to stock, and the evolution of urban management from extensive to refined, topics such as "urban organic renewal", "reconstruction of existing buildings", "combined use of land", and "modification against natural construction" have become hot topics of discussion. The rapid development of the city’s road motorization and high-rise residential buildings have caused conflicts between the old campus and the new city. Yuxi Eco-Experiment Primary School is a design case in this context.

2018年现场原始情况_思序设计

学校顶视图改造前后对比_思序设计

基地位于玉溪中心区域，校区总面积为23500平方米，地势西低东高，地形极为特殊。初勘现场，爬上长而陡的坡道之后，杂草丛生间一栋老旧的教学楼遗忘在山林前的空地上，斑驳的墙体年复一年经受着日晒雨淋。继续教学楼后的陡坡而上，自地势高处俯瞰，城市风光尽收眼底，建筑师心中笃定了一个信念——通过设计，打造一所可以俯瞰城市的校园。

The base is located in the central area of Yuxi. The total area of the campus is 23,500 square meters. The terrain is low in the west and high in the east, and the terrain is extremely special. After first surveying the site, after climbing up the long and steep slope, an old school building amidst weeds was forgotten in the open space in front of the mountain forest. The mottled walls have been exposed to the sun and rain year after year. Continuing on the steep slope behind the teaching building, overlooking the city from a height, the architect has a belief in his heart-to create a campus overlooking the city through design.

冲突-现状与需求的矛盾

Conflict-contradiction between status quo and demand

设计伊始的充分沟通很重要，梳理需求、分析问题、匹配合适的策略实现需求。沿城市界面的建筑群不能拆改，而改造加建的学校又将以新面貌示人，教学楼主色调的选择很关键；从入口到教室不能出现台阶，需要在10米多的进深距离化解4米多的高度差；在有限空间里，布置田径场、篮球场、食堂、停车场等空间；利用山林扩大校园空间，不破坏自然的前提下设置多个功能教室；最后尤为重要的是改造项目的成本控制与平衡。各种问题整合之后，设计将一步步破题，一个个解答。

Adequate communication at the beginning of design is very important, sort out requirements, analyze problems, and match appropriate strategies to achieve requirements. The buildings along the urban interface cannot be demolished, and the rebuilt and added school will show a new look. The choice of the color of the teaching building is very important; there must be no steps from the entrance to the classroom, and it needs to be resolved at a depth of more than 10 meters by 4 meters. Many height differences; in a limited space, arrange track and field courts, basketball courts, canteens, parking lots and other spaces; use mountains and forests to expand campus space and set up multiple functional classrooms without destroying nature; the last thing is particularly important is the transformation of the project Cost control and balance. After the various questions are integrated, the design will solve the problems step by step and answer them one by one.

破题-构建全新的叙事体验

Break-build a new narrative experience

化解高差既是核心难题也是解题思路。破题之举便是因地制宜，将化解高差和保护生态的两相融合，变不利地形为自然山势共构相融的校园空间特色。

Resolving the height difference is not only the core problem but also the idea of solving the problem. The move to solve the problem is to adapt measures to local conditions, to integrate the two aspects of resolving the height difference and protecting the ecology, and to change the unfavorable terrain into a campus space featuring natural mountains.

学校建筑主体改造前_思序设计

学校建筑主体改造后_思序设计

学校主入口人行坡道前后对比_思序设计

设计的目标很明确，改造废弃教学楼、加建新教学建筑，保护生态、植入校方需求、合理布局，变不利地形为合理的校园空间。如何化解高差与融合生态这一项目核心难题。设计最初的空间关注点并不在教学楼的细部功能上，而是新老建筑的融合，教学建筑和山地环境相嵌，构建校园空间的全新叙事体验。

The design goal is very clear, transforming abandoned teaching buildings, adding new teaching buildings, protecting the ecology, planting school needs, reasonable layout, and turning unfavorable terrain into a reasonable campus space. How to resolve the core problem of the project of height difference and ecological integration. The initial spatial focus of the design was not on the detailed functions of the teaching building, but the integration of the old and new buildings. The teaching building and the mountain environment were embedded to construct a new narrative experience of the campus space.

嫁接-新老建筑的共存与升级

Grafting-the coexistence and upgrade of new and old buildings

由于沿城市界面的建筑群不能拆改，而改造加建的学校又将以新面貌示人，设计最终选择以纯白为主基调，采用干净利落的极简主义风格。远远望去，学校仿佛是一座白色城堡退避于沿街建筑，隐藏于自然山林之中。

原有的教学楼建筑结构不做改变，通过在外立面加筑木质铝板格栅做美化，在建筑顶部构架与底部外部加以装饰线条，使其与新加建建筑风格统一。

而新建建筑则利用山地丰富的竖向层次，塑造极具想象力的空间场所。新旧建筑间以连廊联接，L型的庭院景观边界与学生的动线自然结合。课后，孩子们的行动空间，更可以扩展到山体区域，每时每刻都可以引发运动与无限可能。

Since the buildings along the urban interface cannot be demolished, and the rebuilt and added school will show a new look, the final design is based on pure white and adopts a clean minimalist style. From a distance, the school seems to be a white castle retreated from the buildings along the street, hidden in the natural forest. The original structure of the teaching building remains unchanged. It is beautified by adding wooden aluminum grilles to the facade, and decorative lines are added to the top frame and bottom of the building to make it unified with the new building style. The new building uses the rich vertical layers of the mountain to create an imaginative space. The old and new buildings are connected by a corridor, and the L-shaped courtyard landscape boundary is naturally combined with the movement of students. After class, the children's action space can be extended to the mountain area, which can trigger movement and infinite possibilities at all times.

校园的主入口广场与道路接平，这样广阔宽敞的平台空间使得家长在接送孩子时，多了一个聚集广场，也更方便人流快速疏散。沿着层次丰富的坡道向上至接待大厅是一段斜角近40度的斜坡。如何在10米多的进深距离化解4米多的高度差？设计从美国旧金山的九曲花街采集灵感，利用弯曲迂回的路线长度换取空间减缓流线的坡度，同时在地面铺装采用透水沥青增加摩擦力。很快，可以看到孩子们沿着蜿蜒的坡道向上奔跑，来到学校接待大厅前的环形停留广场雀跃聚首，而沿路花坛中时令的花草和时不时撞见的特色的小品雕塑学校环境更添生机。

The main entrance plaza of the campus is level with the road. Such a wide and spacious platform space allows parents to pick up and drop off their children. An extra plaza is also available to facilitate the rapid evacuation of people. Along the richly layered ramp up to the reception hall is a slope with an oblique angle of nearly 40 degrees. How to resolve the height difference of more than 4 meters at a depth of more than 10 meters? The design draws inspiration from the Jiuquhua Street in San Francisco, USA, and uses the curved and circuitous route length in exchange for space to slow down the slope of the streamline, and at the same time uses permeable asphalt on the ground to increase friction. Soon, you can see the children running up the winding ramp to the circular stop square in front of the school reception hall. The seasonal flowers and plants in the flower beds along the road and the characteristic sketch sculptures that you encounter from time to time add to the school environment. vitality.

叠加-功能的堆叠与空中操场

Stacking-functional stacking and aerial playground

在布局田径场与运动场时，不破坏山体、保护自然环境是首则；不变动土方、尽量控制成本是强规，在这块场地放置一个田径场，会将原本局限的空间进一步压缩。最终，设计师将操场抬高，食堂与停车场设置在操场下层，将操场空间至于其上，这样对于土地的有效利用，创造出更多的功能性空间。于是，这样一个拥有250米长的环形跑道“空中操场”就形成了，在更接近天空的操场上运动，仿佛伸手就能猜到白云；眺望远方城市，视野开阔舒朗。

When arranging track and field fields and sports fields, not destroying the mountains and protecting the natural environment is the first priority; not changing the earthwork and trying to control costs is a strong rule. Placing an track and field field on this site will further compress the originally limited space. In the end, the designer raised the playground, set up the canteen and parking lot on the lower level of the playground, and put the playground space on top, so as to effectively use the land and create more functional space. As a result, such an "air playground" with a 250-meter-long circular runway was formed. You can exercise on the playground closer to the sky, as if you can guess the white clouds by reaching out; overlooking the city in the distance, you have a wide and comfortable view.

在操场旁的树林，对于孩子们而言仿佛是另外一个神秘世界的入口，随着台阶拾级而上，每一个有好奇心的孩子都将情不自禁步入这秘密的自然之境。山林自然生态风景是最具感染力的。在最初的设计目标中，便是要将建筑融入环境。设计师把建筑打散，形成若干个建筑单体，并将它们放置在山体的不同高差，隐匿在绿色生态山体之中。经年累月，建筑将和山体形成共生关系：藏身于山石树林，又从山石的绿色中显现出来，若隐若现。

The woods next to the playground seem to be the entrance to another mysterious world for the children. As the steps climb up, every curious child can't help but step into this secret natural realm. The natural ecological scenery of mountain forest is the most infectious. The initial design goal was to integrate the building into the environment. The designer broke up the building to form a number of individual buildings, and placed them on the different elevations of the mountain, hiding them in the green ecological mountain. Over the years, the building will form a symbiotic relationship with the mountain: hiding in the rocky forest, it also appears from the green of the rock, looming.

周围是一片翠绿的景色，覆盖在无尽的蓝天之下，阳光明媚，草木在微风的吹拂下微微颤动。孩子们总能在这片绿林找到自己所喜爱的“角落”，课堂从室内延伸到室外，在树荫下、阳光下、微风中……

Surrounded by an emerald green landscape, covered in an endless blue sky, the sun is shining brightly, and the vegetation is trembling slightly under the breeze. Children can always find their favorite "corner" in this green forest. The classroom extends from indoor to outdoor, in the shade of the trees, in the sun, in the breeze...

结语-创造教育新名片

Conclusion-Create a new business card for education

在城市不断更新迭变的发展进程中，校园一直以一种配套和附属的形象存在。对个人而言，校园是美好的青春回忆；对城市而言，校园是文化的精神象征。如何通过创新的设计打造一所美好的校园不仅关乎个人，更关乎城市美好的形象。创造教育新名片不仅是口号，更是城市策略。

In the continuous development of the city, the campus has always existed as a supporting and attached image. For individuals, campuses are beautiful memories of youth; for cities, campuses are spiritual symbols of culture. How to create a beautiful campus through innovative design is not only about the individual, but also about the beautiful image of the city. Creating a new business card for education is not only a slogan, but an urban strategy.

学校田径场空间改造前

学校田径场空间改造后

设计关注基于功能需求下质量与成本的平衡，坚持对品质的追求和儿童健康成长的专注，更是将城市更新与校园改扩建相结合，从多层级的策略思考、全方面的设计落实，极大提高土地和空间的利用率。伴随着旧建筑的更新、功能的改善、自然的维护，城市活力正渐渐唤醒。

The design focuses on the balance of quality and cost based on functional requirements, adheres to the pursuit of quality and the focus on the healthy growth of children, and combines urban renewal with campus reconstruction and expansion. From multi-level strategic thinking and comprehensive design implementation, it is extremely Greatly improve the utilization of land and space. With the renewal of old buildings, the improvement of functions, and the maintenance of nature, the vitality of the city is gradually awakening.

夜幕降临，校园重回宁静。半山半校的玉溪生态实验小学安静的等待第二天师生的到来… …

As night fell, the campus returned to tranquility. The Yuxi Ecological Experimental Primary School, which is half a mountain, quietly waits for the arrival of teachers and students the next day...

▽ 项目技术图纸

YUXI 区位分析平面

YUXI 分层平面_动图

YUXI 彩平

YUXI -剖面

地块高差与保留建筑示意图

新老建筑的共存与升级

教学楼主体建筑解构示意